There are ways of becoming an oil and gas investor Brookshire Salt Dome apart from directly investing. The country is enjoying a massive oil boom thanks to oil and gas deposits trapped deep inside small-grained shale rock deposits that like beneath Oklahoma, Texas and much of New England. These rich reserves have already propelled the United States into the top position of oil producers in the world.
This new approach to oil and gas exploration and production has necessitated the development of new technologies, specifically high volume water management. Hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling are required to access these reserves. The process involves the high pressure injection of a mixture of chemicals, sand and water to create fractures in the Earth's crust deep beneath the surface to make these stores accessible.
A mixture of sand, water and a handful of chemicals are then injected into the well to keep the fractures open, allowing the trapped gas and oil to flow through the pipe to the surface. A single frac project can require as much as tens of millions of gallons of frac water. Multiply that by an anticipated tens of thousands of fracking projects and the volume of water is nothing short of astounding.
High volume frac water management involves developing new skills and technologies, all of which require investment and all of which are expected to pay nice returns. Once the fracturing process is complete, all the water that went into the ground must come out of the ground. Added to that is something called "produced water." This is water that was already present within the rock beneath the Earth's surface.
Produced water can amount to anywhere between three and eight times or more the volume that is pumped under pressure into the ground in order to create the fractures. Some of it is recycled, some of it is transferred into rapid evaporation pits to minimize the amount that has to be transported off site. The remainder is injected, sometimes at high pressures, into wastewater disposal wells.
What cannot be disposed of in one of these means is injected into disposal wells. It is this "produced" water injected into the disposal wells, and not the fracturing process, that has people understandably concerned about the generation of earthquakes. Scientists at the US Geological Survey in Pasadena have been studying what are colloquially known as "frackquakes" in Oklahoma.
Scientists with the USGS have established that there is definitely a link between injecting water into disposal wells and associated seismic activity. Another problem with frac water management is the prospect of contaminating public water supplies. There have been reports of people igniting fires under their taps.
Indirectly becoming an oil and gas investor Brookshire Salt Dome involves investing in major new technologies for high volume frac water management. Hydraulic fracturing has opened up vast resources that will keep this country energized well into the 22nd century. In order to fully utilize these resources, new technologies in waste water management and recycling are vital to its success.
This new approach to oil and gas exploration and production has necessitated the development of new technologies, specifically high volume water management. Hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling are required to access these reserves. The process involves the high pressure injection of a mixture of chemicals, sand and water to create fractures in the Earth's crust deep beneath the surface to make these stores accessible.
A mixture of sand, water and a handful of chemicals are then injected into the well to keep the fractures open, allowing the trapped gas and oil to flow through the pipe to the surface. A single frac project can require as much as tens of millions of gallons of frac water. Multiply that by an anticipated tens of thousands of fracking projects and the volume of water is nothing short of astounding.
High volume frac water management involves developing new skills and technologies, all of which require investment and all of which are expected to pay nice returns. Once the fracturing process is complete, all the water that went into the ground must come out of the ground. Added to that is something called "produced water." This is water that was already present within the rock beneath the Earth's surface.
Produced water can amount to anywhere between three and eight times or more the volume that is pumped under pressure into the ground in order to create the fractures. Some of it is recycled, some of it is transferred into rapid evaporation pits to minimize the amount that has to be transported off site. The remainder is injected, sometimes at high pressures, into wastewater disposal wells.
What cannot be disposed of in one of these means is injected into disposal wells. It is this "produced" water injected into the disposal wells, and not the fracturing process, that has people understandably concerned about the generation of earthquakes. Scientists at the US Geological Survey in Pasadena have been studying what are colloquially known as "frackquakes" in Oklahoma.
Scientists with the USGS have established that there is definitely a link between injecting water into disposal wells and associated seismic activity. Another problem with frac water management is the prospect of contaminating public water supplies. There have been reports of people igniting fires under their taps.
Indirectly becoming an oil and gas investor Brookshire Salt Dome involves investing in major new technologies for high volume frac water management. Hydraulic fracturing has opened up vast resources that will keep this country energized well into the 22nd century. In order to fully utilize these resources, new technologies in waste water management and recycling are vital to its success.
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